Analysis Of Michael Pollan s Article Food Fight - 940 Words

Name: Dongxu Ma English 1A Instructor: G. Ziff Assignment 2 Date: 01/10/2014 Draft 1 Farmer’s Market What is a common American food market? To me, an International student from China, the first impression of American markets is the large dense stores like Wal-Marts that include all kind of food and supplies. It is a wonderful place that has efficiency and cheapness. However, in Michael Pollan’s article Food Fight, he mentions â€Å"Although cheap food is good politics, it turns out there are significant costs – to the environment, to public health †¦ food has come back into view.† (Pollan 109) Whereas my opinion about the American markets is great for its convenience, Pollan says the cheap food these supermarkets supply is actually bad for†¦show more content†¦People that have lower income cannot afford the price of better food; therefore those people would choose to shop in large groceries for its lower price and larger quantity. In Pollan’s word, supermarkets sell cheap and unhealthy food to consumers while Farmer’s Market can affor d consumers better options. However People can still get better organic food in supermarkets at lower price these days. It actually applies that supermarkets nowadays are serving better quality food from local farms just as what Pollan’s idea of Farmers Market but with wholesale price. Consumers now prefer supermarkets for its increasing better quality food and stable price. Also, as I mentioned before, supermarket is really convenient for consumers for not only having better quality food in lower price but also serving multi – options in a large amount. Compare to the supermarkets, the space of Farmer’s Market is limited, which leads to the food options are limited. Farmer’s Market cannot satisfy every consumer’s need of food. From what I observed in Berkley’s Farmers Market, the food options is really being restricted. Farmer’s can only get food that is easy to be carried and kept like fruits, vegetables and made up articles for selling, and consumers, in the other hand, have limited options. Also, not everyone has the ability to get the food from Farmer’s Market for its location andShow MoreRelatedEssay on Microcultures in Canada7105 Words   |  29 Pageswith regards to the different aspects of microcultures. This paper will delve into all three types of microcultures; it will look at Vietnamese, Jewi sh, and Vegan cultures and compare them to mainstream Canadian culture. The subsequent comparative analysis aims at finding differences in an attempt to better understand and communicate more effectively, by clarifying the common misunderstandings that arise when communicating with different microcultures, whether in business or everyday life. Vietnamese Read MoreSuperbugs and Large-scale Use of Antibiotics in Livestock Feeding3115 Words   |  13 Pages As the world’s population continues to grow exponentially, the area of arable farmland shrinks. As a result, new techniques in agriculture have been developed in order to produce more food using less land. Many of these techniques are considered innovative but come at the cost of the environment or human morality. One example, the large-scale use of antibiotics in livestock feeding, has become a staple of the American agriculture industry. Of all the agricultural advancements the industry

Smokers’ Social Responsibility Supporting Cigarette Ban...

Smokers’ Social Responsibility: Supporting Cigarette Ban in Outdoor Areas Audience: Smokers in the city Genre: An article in local newspaper Results of many researches have proven that concentrations of tobacco smoke in outdoor areas possess the risk to individuals, kids and environment. Even cigarette butts are equally hazardous for environment and many creatures, especially in sea. Therefore, the recently laid ban on smoking in outdoor area in our city is a good move. However, the support of smokers is very much needed to make it successful. I appeal to all smokers to avoid smoking in restricted outdoor areas in ban such as park, beaches, playgrounds, enclosed public places and places of employment. Smoke exhaled by the smoker and†¦show more content†¦People with asthma and bronchial infection problems can face problems due to drifting tobacco smoke and cause other serious health problems in nonsmokers – without any such conditions. These serious health impacts include an elevated risk of heart diseases and lung cancer along with a range of respiratory diseases. Apart from illness, many non-smokers report discomfort in presence of the tobacco contents in air. Smokers shall understand the adverse effects of their habit on people surrounding them, among them are your near and dear ones also. Apart from above mentioned problems, there are many other negative effects for which facts suggest an association with ETS, but scientists are researching further for confirmation. These incorporate cervical cancer, uncontrived abortion, and chronic respiratory symptoms in adults and reduced fertility in female. Relative risk estimates related with few of these disorders and disease are small, but as the diseases are widespread, the overall impact can be fairly large. The collective evidence suggests a relative risk estimate of 1.2-1.7 for heart disease mortality in nonsmokers. For Asthma induction and middle ear infections, the relative risk is 1.62 and 2.25, respectively. A result of meta-analysis for all women states the risk of breast cancer 1.25 [1]. Late st studies also indicate negative impacts of tobacco contents exposure on menstrual cycles. Until now, many citizens are exposed to environmentalShow MoreRelatedChange Essay4238 Words   |  17 Pagesorganisation giving a detailed description of the organisational background and the change event. The paper further goes to list the research questions and review the purpose and scope of the study. The change models and relevant documentation supporting the study are discussed and used to better gain in depth understand of the change situation. It concludes by explaining the study methods used to acquire information about the organization and change management process. 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Demography of Corporations and Industries †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Demography of Corporations and Industries. Answer: Introduction Hierarchy is a pervasive feature in an organization. In most organizations its basic functions and forms are often taken on a light note/for granted. Status and power are two different concepts and they give a differentiation in the hierarchical differentiation. Hierarchy seems to be one of the fundamental features in social relations. The leaders in groups emerge naturally from interactions, a few individuals in the central gather/collect majority of the status in an organization/group. The resources are distributed unequally across the persons or groups. The roles and positions awarded to different persons are given sources or amount of powers which is conferred by the individuals or groups occupying the position. The health care system is an organization. It has hierarchy, status and power. There are individuals that rules/leads the others. The heads are responsible in resources allocations and policy formulations. Organizations are made up of stratified structures. The stratified structures are inform of pyramids whereby there is a decrease of individuals as one ascends on the pyramid and also an increase of power and status as one goes up the pyramid. Even when an organization adopts heterogeneity (Carroll Hannan, 2010; Powell, 2011) these are the practices in an organization and culture which aims at dodging and suppressing hierarchy (Morand, 2011; Rothschild-Whitt, 2013), it is so noticeable that hierarchy rises up against all these pressures (Leavitt, 2015; Tannenbaum, 2014). Hierarchy is in all organizations in the world, despite all the sociological models to try and minimize it (Fiske, 2012). It is never absent and it emerges between and within the groups (Leavitt, 2015; Sidanius Pratto, 2009) Social hierarchy is an explicit or implicit rank order of groups and individuals with the respect to valued social dimensions. The term rank is used to mean that at least one of the groups/individuals is subordinate to one of the individuals or groups (Blau Scott, 2012). The members of the social groups are either involved in coming up/constructing a formal system that ranks individuals and groups and assigns them duties or it is engaged in a process of informality interactions where the rank ordering of groups and individuals develops organically. Social dominance theory has been used by researchers to find out what social norms and customs exist and how they were produced at first. According to Sidanius and Pratto, (1999) social structure seemed to be affirmed based on dissimilar test backed up by unspoken hierarchy of groups. The multiple hierarchy are established on economic status, age, and race. This hierarchies determines the equitability to the allocation of available resources. For example in the western society the male Caucasian is more in control than other minority groups. The male Caucasian will distribute resources according to their own interest and welfare, they take advantage of opportunities without regard for the consequences of others. In summary, in every institution, group or organization there has to be a hierarchy whether formally or informally formulated. Every group or individual is at a point superior and at other points subordinate. Australia is acknowledged to be one of the best and high ranked globally, this is because of the high quality services, medical facilities and professional workers. It follows a strict hierarchal structure, it entails the following. They form the upper most level in the hierarchal structure of the Australian health facility. Senior medical officers can either be nominated in a staff grade position or a non-specialist officer. Non specialist officer are usually not qualified to perform specified function or practice a specified skill but work under the management of a specialist. Staff grade position senior medical officers who practice specified medical field. Senior medical officers are subdivided into the following. One, general practioners. Two, staff specialist. Three, career hospital doctors. The subdivisions of the resident medical officer include the following. Senior house officer a third year post graduate student and who has not been selected as a registrar. Two, junior house officer who is a second year. Three an intern who is a first year post graduate student. They usually learn by observing what the doctors do. The nurses who are more experienced and their qualifications jobs are excellent are placed at the top followed by those nurses with lesser skills and experience. Chief nursing officer is usually highest level in the pyramid who acts as a supervisor and an administrator. They usually make decision for the nursing staff. The director of nursing come after the chief nursing officer and his or her function is to recruit and place nurses at various position. This position comes after the director of nursing, they are responsible for the management and attend on the needs of the patient and members of the family. This are nurses who have completed their training. This are the specialist who have met educational demands than the other nurses in their category. There are two subcategory in this category, first is the nurse practitioner whose function is collaborating with physicians and are qualified to determine and treat common illness. Second, is clinical nurse specialist who have specialized in specific areas such as surgery and pediatric. Their main function is directing and making a schedule on nursing care on a specified unit. They are the first people to be alerted if there is a problem with the bed side nurse. They occupy the largest sector in health care. They usually in contact with patients and their function are to observe the patients progress by taking the vital signs and recording. Functions of social hierarchy in organizations A hierarchy serves both social and organizational functions. By being able to identify the functions of a hierarchy one is able to identify wide ranges of hierarchical features, its genesis and the factors that sustains it. Hierarchy do have dysfunctional and unintended consequences (Leavitt, 2005). An example is when hierarchy in an organization creates the condition that requires compliance that leads to corruption and amoral reasoning (Brief, 2009). There are two main social functions of hierarchy. One the social coordination and order. This is whereby the hierarchy provides solutions to different problems in an organization by arranging people in groups that works towards the attainment of the same goal. With hierarchy there is provision of an antidote to chaos and uncertainty. It fulfils the sociological need/desire of humans to have order, stability and structure (Frenkel-Brunswik, 2013). This function is covered by (Weber, 1946). He talked on bureaucracy. He suggested that it is a functional reaction so as to be able to function in the modern world. With bureaucracies there is division of labor (Stinchcombe, 2014). The specialized roles in the division of labor it all gave a connection in the hierarchy. The roles of a supervisor are well laid down. These roles facilitates in coordinating the organizational actions. When the roles at different stages of the hierarchy are not well stipulated it leads to frustrations, inefficiency and confusion at work. This affects the coordination (Greer Caruso). This incoordination makes the institution to be less efficient and less effective (Groysberg, Polzer Elfenbein, 2017). With hierarchy it not only raises the institutional/departmental performance but it also fosters a satisfying work relation between the groups. The dominance submissive relationship (Wiggins, Trapnell Phillips, 2016) it illustrates that individuals/groups prefers to coordinates when one is submissive and the other one is dominant (Tiedens Fra gale, 2013). The second function is the individual incentives. With hierarchy all the individuals/ groups strives to be in a higher rank. This is because the higher ranks gets higher psychological and material comfort and reward. It is a source of motivation to the employees (Tannenbaum, 2014). When one is at a higher rank they are more exposed to greater opportunities and also it gives them a way to satisfy their other needs/desires. Weber (1946), found that the motivational functions of a hierarchy are of beneficial to the organization. With hierarchy comes power. People at higher ranks poses more powers than those at lower ranks. Impacts of this hierarchy to health practitioner Unlike the ancient days, we the health care providers relies on our clinical supervisors. This was not the case before. There was learning through observation. One student was assigned to one health care provider and could observe the student and teach him or her. It was possible for the teacher to comment on the performance of the student and the development of the professionalism. This is not the case nowadays. The clinical instructor is assigned so many students that they rarely comment accurately on the performance and career development. The attainment to high ranks above depends on the relationship one builds with the supervisors so as they can give a good performance and competence report. This leads to a shift in focus. One prioritizes building a relationship with the supervisor than accomplishing the clinical objectives. Due to specialization and powers of the supervisors, we, the juniors are afraid to point out the mistakes they makes. This is due to the fear of receiving a negative/unfavorable reports which could cause one their employment or a chance to continue or get training. Most of the time when a mistake is pointed out it may indicate lack of knowledge and no one would like to do that to the supervisor. Conclusion Hierarchy exists in all organizations no matter how much people, groups tries to fight it. It is important to have hierarchy although it also has its own negative consequences. For example in medical hierarchy it is evident it has its benefits and disadvantages to the trainees. There is little attention to the trainers nowadays. Reporting of errors and mistakes has reduced. This compromises the quality of patient care. References Blau, P.M. (2012). Exchange and power in social life. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books. Brief, C., (2009). Collective corruption in the corporate world: Toward a process model. In M.E. Turner (Ed.), Groups at work: Theory and research (pp. 471500). Carroll, G., Hannan, M.T. (2011). The demography of corporations and industries. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Eagly, A.H., Karau, S.J. (2011). Gender and the emergence of leaders: A meta-analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 60(5), pp.685710. Fisek, M.H., Ofshe, R. (2017). The process of status evolution. Sociometry, vol. 33(3), pp. 327346. Fisek, M.H., Ofshe, R. (2017). The process of status evolution. Sociometry. Ed. 33(3), pp.327346. Frenkel-Brunswik, E. (2013). Intolerance of ambiguity as an emotional perceptual personality variable. Journal of Personality, vol.18, pp.108143 Greer, L., Caruso, M,. (2017, August). Are high power teams really high performers? The roles of trust and status congruency in high power team performance. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Academy of Management, Philadelphia, PA. G Groysberg, B., Polzer, J.T., Elfenbein, H.A. (2017). Too many cooks spoil the broth: How high status individuals decrease group effectiveness. Manuscript submitted for publication. Morand, D.A. (2011). The processes and effects of programs of status-leveling in organizations. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Academy of Management, Washington, DC. N Schmid Mast, M. (2012). Dominance as expressed and inferred through speaking time: A meta-analysis. Human Communication Research, vol. 28, pp.420450. Schmid Mast, M., Hall, J.A. (2014). Who is the boss and who is not? Accuracy of judging status. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, vol. 28(3), pp. 145165. Stinchcombe, A., (2012). Creating efficient industrial administrations. New York: Academic Press. Stinchcombe, A., (2014). Stratification and organization: Selected papers. New York: Cambridge University Press. Tannenbaum, A., (2014). Hierarchy in organizations. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.