Religion, Sexuality, and Identity in the New South Essay -- Religion S

Religion, Sexuality, and Identity in the New South A long queue structures at Our Way Cafã © in Decatur, Georgia as clients are on edge to purchase a plate loading with conventional Southern food. If one somehow managed to watch the workers and those in line, one may see that a various gathering belittles this eatery. There are men in tailored suits, men in service station hop suits, ladies with immense precious stone studs, and ladies in sweats. Blacks, whites, youthful, old, Hispanics, and numerous gays eat and work at Our Way Cafã ©. These gays are available to displaying their sexual direction and inclinations, as same-sex couples see the setting as agreeable. This variety of individuals speaks to the network of Decatur, an around neighborhood east of Atlanta. Something different as critical to Decatur inhabitants as great food is religion. A little ways from Our Way Cafã © is Oakhurst Baptist Church, of which the gathering is an assortment of individuals like those, sitting tight for seared chicken at Our Way Cafã ©. Oakhurs t Baptist Church keeps up an agreement which forbids retaining church office or assembly support dependent on â€Å"possessions, race, age, sex, sexual direction, or mental and physical ability† (White â€Å"Baptists Group to Church†). Despite the fact that this liberal and tolerating mentality of Oakhurst Baptist Church reflects Atlanta’s progressivism, it makes debate with those endeavoring safeguard the conventional and preservationist belief system of the South. Atlanta is dynamic and moderate all the while and this is appeared in its strict, racial, and social relations. Globalization has likewise influenced all aspects and social classes of the city. Further class definition is a consequence of Atlanta’s cooperation in modernization, as sepa... ...he endeavors to smother it. Oakhurst is pleased with its quality, profound quality, and decent variety that was significant during the contention with the Southern Baptist Convention. The congregation is a result of its condition and its assembly and the Oakhurst cooperation serves the network consequently. The facts demonstrate that â€Å"religion is relied upon to have political, monetary, and instructive capacities at all degrees of social turn of events, and in complex social orders to frame one of the most significant components for status situation, bunch character, and social control,† (Rosenberg 11). This is actually what Oakhurst Baptist Church has done in Decatur. Southern convention has endure while current and freed sees have been acknowledged. It outlines a progressing procedure which is occurring everywhere throughout the United States at different rates. Antiquated Soul Food can be appreciated by everybody.

David Humes believes,case of Larry McAfee, Elizabeth Bouvia's battle Essay

David Humes believes,case of Larry McAfee, Elizabeth Bouvia's fight - Essay Example The scientist expresses that the Christian perspective on deliberate demise is related with suffering, as fortified by Christ’s passing to spare humankind from transgression. The Christian perspective on willful passing, is at that point, constantly adequate on the off chance that it for others. Albeit, another view is that it is unsatisfactory since it conflicts with the demonstration of giving consideration and help to individuals who needs it and in setting confidence of God’s will to permit an individual to live beyond words. Humes, then again, puts stock in the utilitarian motivation behind willful passing, such as resigning oneself because of a serious sickness or mature age. He contends that it's anything but an attack against God since it is for a general decent to prevent the one’s irreversible experiencing going on, for example, on account of hopeless ailments. Judge Johnson governed to allow McAfee his solicitation to kill his life support. The scienti st doesn’t concur with this choice since he accepts the court just saw his condition yet not his day to day environments. The creator trusts it is alright to do this as long as there is sufficient proof that there is no place to go however demise. He accepts that in the event that there is irreversible anguish, at that point it is alright to choose one’s demise. It would be close to halting your own enduring just as the individuals experiencing the individuals around you. The self destruction visitor, the creator accepts, is the society’s approach to discharge these individuals from anguish despite the fact that it is imperative to consider their conditions first before doing it on the off chance that they truly have no place to go demise or it is simply they lost expectation.

Frei Otto, Olympic Park, Munich Engineering Assignment - 2200 Words

Frei Otto, Olympic Park, Munich Engineering Assignment (Research Paper Sample) Content: FREI OTTO, OLYMPIC PARK, MUNICHByCourseProfessorClassInstitutionLocation of InstitutionDateTable of Contents TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u 1Introduction PAGEREF _Toc477752122 \h 31.1Section 1 PAGEREF _Toc477752123 \h 31.2History PAGEREF _Toc477752124 \h 32Experimental pavilion PAGEREF _Toc477752125 \h 42.1Functional requirements PAGEREF _Toc477752126 \h 52.2Site PAGEREF _Toc477752127 \h 63Section 2 PAGEREF _Toc477752128 \h 63.1Conceptual phase PAGEREF _Toc477752129 \h 63.2Critical technical issues PAGEREF _Toc477752130 \h 74Climate PAGEREF _Toc477752131 \h 84.1Roof PAGEREF _Toc477752132 \h 94.2Envelope PAGEREF _Toc477752133 \h 114.3Experimenting PAGEREF _Toc477752134 \h 125Conclusion PAGEREF _Toc477752135 \h 126References PAGEREF _Toc477752136 \h 14Frei Otto, Olympic Park, MunichIntroductionThe Olympic park Munich Is located in Munich, Germany. This Olympic park was built for the 1972 Summer Olympics. The Menu of urban transformation experienced by capitals in the industriali zed world through the 20th century has mainly revolved around celebrations of urban mega events. Olympic Park Munich is an obvious example of these processes. The architects Frei Otto and Gunther Behnisch collaborated in building and designing the stadium to host the Olympic Games in 1972 in Munich (Behnisch, 2003). They elevated a lightweight construction where tensions are nullified by a system of cables and support, allowing both new ways and economy. They spearheaded the utilization of scientific estimations in light of computational methodology to decide the shape and behavior of the surface of the cover. Otto needed to adjust their plan to the preconceived form of the park. The Recreation center keeps on filling in as a scene for social, social, and religious occasions, for example, occasions of worship.Section 1HistoryFrei Otto was the modeler best known for the tremendous rooftop coverings designed for the 1972 Olympics in Munich. He made a fine art of his tent-like develop ments, which brought a feeling of light and openness to open structures. His work was propelled by normal natural structures, including spider webs, trees and skeletons. According to Bachman, (2004) he once said "Everything man is doing in design is to attempt to conflict with nature, obviously we need to comprehend nature to know how far we need to conflict with nature. Visionary planner' and 'titan of present day design' Otto was perceived by the Prize jury for his spearheading rooftop structures and community-oriented methods for working.In 1916, Berlin was chosen to have the VI Olympic Games; however, the occasion was suspended for the start of World War II. The city was remunerated in 1936 to have the eleventh version of the Games, the last before the long break brought about by the episode of World War II and set apart by eminent war conditions. In 1972, the respect was granted to another German city, Munich, far and warlike climate around the Recreations were eclipsed this ti me by a terrorist attack. The idea of a "green Olympic Games" was picked, thus too was the introduction toward the standards of majority rules system (Ching, 2014). Authorities tried to incorporate idealism toward the future with an uplifting disposition toward innovation, and in this manner put aside recollections of the past, for example, the Olympic Games of 1936 in Berlin. The engineering firm of Gnther Behnisch and its accomplices built up a far-reaching all-inclusive strategy for the games and recreation zone, which was under development from 1968 until 1972. The eye-catching tensile structure that spreads a great part of the recreation center was planned by German designer and specialist Frei Otto with Gnther Behnisch.Experimental pavilionWorld's Fairs, Olympic Games and Grand Expositions are recognized as demonstrating justification for experimental engineering. The centerpiece structures at these settings are intended to awe their universal onlookers with specialized and ae sthetical style. In a way, they go about as ministers of the host nation's dynamic industry (Powell, 2011). The appliance of both brave materials and brave systems are along these lines compulsory. The Munich stadium complex for the 1972 Summer Olympics is an immaculate case of how site and structure can mix. Undulating rooftops and drastically etched earths capes bind together the setting (WikiArquitectura, 2017). Both inside the lobbies and out among the recreation center setting guests are given a modern arrangement of encounters.Figure 1: stadium plan, Olympic Munich StadiumFunctional requirementsThe first prerequisites, as enforced by the Olympic Committee, were clear at the time. No under 80,000 seats ought to be given in the primary stadium, and a littler encased games corridor and swimming lobby ought to likewise be given (Jones Canniffe, 2012). Different offices ought to incorporate a warm-up field and an encased exercise office. The nearby Olympic Town ought to give lodg ing to 3,000 individuals and the fundamental bolster capacities. These offices were to be of changeless quality and convertible to open use and parkland after the three-week Olympic amusements. Specifically, the competition utilized the aphorism "Olympics in the Green".SiteAt the point when the Olympic Board of committee granted the 1972 Olympic Games to Munich in 1966, the city had no expansive games fields. Past arranging however had officially chosen he best site for the new office, a vacant tract of land around three miles north of focal Munich (Jones Canniffe, 2012). The site was initially the setting of a 1930's runway, a previous preparing ground for the Bavarian Imperial Armed force and the site of Munich's first considerate airplane terminal. Amid the cleanup after the Second World War, the ground had been utilized as a dump yard for destroyed structures' rubble. In addition, a 300m tall communicate tower, which is yet present today, is a noteworthy point of interest of th e site.Section 2Conceptual phaseThrough its arranging, improvement and current observation, the park figures out how to set a few keynotes. To begin with, the tensile structure and translucent skin were progressive at the time and stay both outwardly and actually amazing today. The official language as it was translated by drafters Frei Otto and accomplices is a solid proclamation about Germany and its modern abilities (Behnisch-partner.de., 2017). As the entire park has been built on a relinquished landing strip secured with remainders of the war, the city has recovered a vital green range. In spite of what happens to numerous other setting lobbies, the entire complex has been put to perpetual use when the basic role had been served: it has now turned into a games stadium, and an often-visited spot with an attention on games.Figure 2: Olympia Park Building and LandscapeCritical technical issuesA stadium of Olympic significance ought to react with relating regard for the essential c apacities it has. Orientation to wind and sun needs to guarantee evenhanded open-air conditions for all contenders. Besides, convenience and transport ought to be accommodating a large number of guests (Behnisch-partner.de., 2017). Uncommon conditions vigorously affected outline thinking. Two inquiries ruled this venture. The principal issue that emerged was speed of development. Due dates were absolute and the course of events for building up the enormous site (counting the Olympic Town) was short. Speed of development and the danger of postponements would need to be considered. Second, what might happen to the complex after the Olympics? Given the expenses related with such an amazing event and the broad offices that would remain, their future utilize must be intended for. A transitory structure would be inadequate, and a momentous one would be an unending weight.A third prerequisite rose amid a later stage, and considered necessities of broadcast color TV. TV would have its say; since the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, live shading TV scope had turned into the standard and had widely infiltrated the market. The TV organizations had necessities towards lighting, shadow decrease, and acoustics.ClimateNotwithstanding Munich's mild climate, the project of a cable net rooftop structure needed to address two basic elements: wind and snow. Solidifying precipitation, snow or hail falls a normal of 74 days for every year in Munich, and wind spouts can surpass 120 km/h amid stormy climate (Jones Canniffe, 2012). Overwhelming snow and ice aggregations on the unheated rooftop could force hazardous basic burdens. Fundamentally, this issue could be settled by putting expansive fans under the covering to soften snow off the top. This system had a demonstrated record in the Otto's German Structure at the 1967 World Fair in Montreal.Fig 3 Climate condition in MunichGiven the atmosphere conditions in Munich and particularly the predominant wind course, both the pliable roof top and the primary seating territory are situated at the western edge. Roughly, 66% of the stadium's guests are accordingly given asylum from the normal components (Kroll, 2017). The rooftop and the higher seating territory on the western side likewise ensure the eastern seats to be fairly more shielded from wind. By and by, in present Olympic stadiums, a revealed seating range would not be permitted any longer.RoofWithout uncertainty, the most noteworthy element of the stadium and the contiguous structures is the tensile rooftop structure. It has turned out to be not just a historic point for the city of Munich, however has been a point of reference for some more developments in this field of study in later years (Macdonald, 2007). It is particularly the size and the greatness of the rooftop, which has roused numerous planners and creators. Th...

Analysis Of Michael Pollan s Article Food Fight - 940 Words

Name: Dongxu Ma English 1A Instructor: G. Ziff Assignment 2 Date: 01/10/2014 Draft 1 Farmer’s Market What is a common American food market? To me, an International student from China, the first impression of American markets is the large dense stores like Wal-Marts that include all kind of food and supplies. It is a wonderful place that has efficiency and cheapness. However, in Michael Pollan’s article Food Fight, he mentions â€Å"Although cheap food is good politics, it turns out there are significant costs – to the environment, to public health †¦ food has come back into view.† (Pollan 109) Whereas my opinion about the American markets is great for its convenience, Pollan says the cheap food these supermarkets supply is actually bad for†¦show more content†¦People that have lower income cannot afford the price of better food; therefore those people would choose to shop in large groceries for its lower price and larger quantity. In Pollan’s word, supermarkets sell cheap and unhealthy food to consumers while Farmer’s Market can affor d consumers better options. However People can still get better organic food in supermarkets at lower price these days. It actually applies that supermarkets nowadays are serving better quality food from local farms just as what Pollan’s idea of Farmers Market but with wholesale price. Consumers now prefer supermarkets for its increasing better quality food and stable price. Also, as I mentioned before, supermarket is really convenient for consumers for not only having better quality food in lower price but also serving multi – options in a large amount. Compare to the supermarkets, the space of Farmer’s Market is limited, which leads to the food options are limited. Farmer’s Market cannot satisfy every consumer’s need of food. From what I observed in Berkley’s Farmers Market, the food options is really being restricted. Farmer’s can only get food that is easy to be carried and kept like fruits, vegetables and made up articles for selling, and consumers, in the other hand, have limited options. Also, not everyone has the ability to get the food from Farmer’s Market for its location andShow MoreRelatedEssay on Microcultures in Canada7105 Words   |  29 Pageswith regards to the different aspects of microcultures. This paper will delve into all three types of microcultures; it will look at Vietnamese, Jewi sh, and Vegan cultures and compare them to mainstream Canadian culture. The subsequent comparative analysis aims at finding differences in an attempt to better understand and communicate more effectively, by clarifying the common misunderstandings that arise when communicating with different microcultures, whether in business or everyday life. Vietnamese Read MoreSuperbugs and Large-scale Use of Antibiotics in Livestock Feeding3115 Words   |  13 Pages As the world’s population continues to grow exponentially, the area of arable farmland shrinks. As a result, new techniques in agriculture have been developed in order to produce more food using less land. Many of these techniques are considered innovative but come at the cost of the environment or human morality. One example, the large-scale use of antibiotics in livestock feeding, has become a staple of the American agriculture industry. Of all the agricultural advancements the industry

Smokers’ Social Responsibility Supporting Cigarette Ban...

Smokers’ Social Responsibility: Supporting Cigarette Ban in Outdoor Areas Audience: Smokers in the city Genre: An article in local newspaper Results of many researches have proven that concentrations of tobacco smoke in outdoor areas possess the risk to individuals, kids and environment. Even cigarette butts are equally hazardous for environment and many creatures, especially in sea. Therefore, the recently laid ban on smoking in outdoor area in our city is a good move. However, the support of smokers is very much needed to make it successful. I appeal to all smokers to avoid smoking in restricted outdoor areas in ban such as park, beaches, playgrounds, enclosed public places and places of employment. Smoke exhaled by the smoker and†¦show more content†¦People with asthma and bronchial infection problems can face problems due to drifting tobacco smoke and cause other serious health problems in nonsmokers – without any such conditions. These serious health impacts include an elevated risk of heart diseases and lung cancer along with a range of respiratory diseases. Apart from illness, many non-smokers report discomfort in presence of the tobacco contents in air. Smokers shall understand the adverse effects of their habit on people surrounding them, among them are your near and dear ones also. Apart from above mentioned problems, there are many other negative effects for which facts suggest an association with ETS, but scientists are researching further for confirmation. These incorporate cervical cancer, uncontrived abortion, and chronic respiratory symptoms in adults and reduced fertility in female. Relative risk estimates related with few of these disorders and disease are small, but as the diseases are widespread, the overall impact can be fairly large. The collective evidence suggests a relative risk estimate of 1.2-1.7 for heart disease mortality in nonsmokers. 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Demography of Corporations and Industries †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Demography of Corporations and Industries. Answer: Introduction Hierarchy is a pervasive feature in an organization. In most organizations its basic functions and forms are often taken on a light note/for granted. Status and power are two different concepts and they give a differentiation in the hierarchical differentiation. Hierarchy seems to be one of the fundamental features in social relations. The leaders in groups emerge naturally from interactions, a few individuals in the central gather/collect majority of the status in an organization/group. The resources are distributed unequally across the persons or groups. The roles and positions awarded to different persons are given sources or amount of powers which is conferred by the individuals or groups occupying the position. The health care system is an organization. It has hierarchy, status and power. There are individuals that rules/leads the others. The heads are responsible in resources allocations and policy formulations. Organizations are made up of stratified structures. The stratified structures are inform of pyramids whereby there is a decrease of individuals as one ascends on the pyramid and also an increase of power and status as one goes up the pyramid. Even when an organization adopts heterogeneity (Carroll Hannan, 2010; Powell, 2011) these are the practices in an organization and culture which aims at dodging and suppressing hierarchy (Morand, 2011; Rothschild-Whitt, 2013), it is so noticeable that hierarchy rises up against all these pressures (Leavitt, 2015; Tannenbaum, 2014). Hierarchy is in all organizations in the world, despite all the sociological models to try and minimize it (Fiske, 2012). It is never absent and it emerges between and within the groups (Leavitt, 2015; Sidanius Pratto, 2009) Social hierarchy is an explicit or implicit rank order of groups and individuals with the respect to valued social dimensions. The term rank is used to mean that at least one of the groups/individuals is subordinate to one of the individuals or groups (Blau Scott, 2012). The members of the social groups are either involved in coming up/constructing a formal system that ranks individuals and groups and assigns them duties or it is engaged in a process of informality interactions where the rank ordering of groups and individuals develops organically. Social dominance theory has been used by researchers to find out what social norms and customs exist and how they were produced at first. According to Sidanius and Pratto, (1999) social structure seemed to be affirmed based on dissimilar test backed up by unspoken hierarchy of groups. The multiple hierarchy are established on economic status, age, and race. This hierarchies determines the equitability to the allocation of available resources. For example in the western society the male Caucasian is more in control than other minority groups. The male Caucasian will distribute resources according to their own interest and welfare, they take advantage of opportunities without regard for the consequences of others. In summary, in every institution, group or organization there has to be a hierarchy whether formally or informally formulated. Every group or individual is at a point superior and at other points subordinate. Australia is acknowledged to be one of the best and high ranked globally, this is because of the high quality services, medical facilities and professional workers. It follows a strict hierarchal structure, it entails the following. They form the upper most level in the hierarchal structure of the Australian health facility. Senior medical officers can either be nominated in a staff grade position or a non-specialist officer. Non specialist officer are usually not qualified to perform specified function or practice a specified skill but work under the management of a specialist. Staff grade position senior medical officers who practice specified medical field. Senior medical officers are subdivided into the following. One, general practioners. Two, staff specialist. Three, career hospital doctors. The subdivisions of the resident medical officer include the following. Senior house officer a third year post graduate student and who has not been selected as a registrar. Two, junior house officer who is a second year. Three an intern who is a first year post graduate student. They usually learn by observing what the doctors do. The nurses who are more experienced and their qualifications jobs are excellent are placed at the top followed by those nurses with lesser skills and experience. Chief nursing officer is usually highest level in the pyramid who acts as a supervisor and an administrator. They usually make decision for the nursing staff. The director of nursing come after the chief nursing officer and his or her function is to recruit and place nurses at various position. This position comes after the director of nursing, they are responsible for the management and attend on the needs of the patient and members of the family. This are nurses who have completed their training. This are the specialist who have met educational demands than the other nurses in their category. There are two subcategory in this category, first is the nurse practitioner whose function is collaborating with physicians and are qualified to determine and treat common illness. Second, is clinical nurse specialist who have specialized in specific areas such as surgery and pediatric. Their main function is directing and making a schedule on nursing care on a specified unit. They are the first people to be alerted if there is a problem with the bed side nurse. They occupy the largest sector in health care. They usually in contact with patients and their function are to observe the patients progress by taking the vital signs and recording. Functions of social hierarchy in organizations A hierarchy serves both social and organizational functions. By being able to identify the functions of a hierarchy one is able to identify wide ranges of hierarchical features, its genesis and the factors that sustains it. Hierarchy do have dysfunctional and unintended consequences (Leavitt, 2005). An example is when hierarchy in an organization creates the condition that requires compliance that leads to corruption and amoral reasoning (Brief, 2009). There are two main social functions of hierarchy. One the social coordination and order. This is whereby the hierarchy provides solutions to different problems in an organization by arranging people in groups that works towards the attainment of the same goal. With hierarchy there is provision of an antidote to chaos and uncertainty. It fulfils the sociological need/desire of humans to have order, stability and structure (Frenkel-Brunswik, 2013). This function is covered by (Weber, 1946). He talked on bureaucracy. He suggested that it is a functional reaction so as to be able to function in the modern world. With bureaucracies there is division of labor (Stinchcombe, 2014). The specialized roles in the division of labor it all gave a connection in the hierarchy. The roles of a supervisor are well laid down. These roles facilitates in coordinating the organizational actions. When the roles at different stages of the hierarchy are not well stipulated it leads to frustrations, inefficiency and confusion at work. This affects the coordination (Greer Caruso). This incoordination makes the institution to be less efficient and less effective (Groysberg, Polzer Elfenbein, 2017). With hierarchy it not only raises the institutional/departmental performance but it also fosters a satisfying work relation between the groups. The dominance submissive relationship (Wiggins, Trapnell Phillips, 2016) it illustrates that individuals/groups prefers to coordinates when one is submissive and the other one is dominant (Tiedens Fra gale, 2013). The second function is the individual incentives. With hierarchy all the individuals/ groups strives to be in a higher rank. This is because the higher ranks gets higher psychological and material comfort and reward. It is a source of motivation to the employees (Tannenbaum, 2014). When one is at a higher rank they are more exposed to greater opportunities and also it gives them a way to satisfy their other needs/desires. Weber (1946), found that the motivational functions of a hierarchy are of beneficial to the organization. With hierarchy comes power. People at higher ranks poses more powers than those at lower ranks. Impacts of this hierarchy to health practitioner Unlike the ancient days, we the health care providers relies on our clinical supervisors. This was not the case before. There was learning through observation. One student was assigned to one health care provider and could observe the student and teach him or her. It was possible for the teacher to comment on the performance of the student and the development of the professionalism. This is not the case nowadays. The clinical instructor is assigned so many students that they rarely comment accurately on the performance and career development. The attainment to high ranks above depends on the relationship one builds with the supervisors so as they can give a good performance and competence report. This leads to a shift in focus. One prioritizes building a relationship with the supervisor than accomplishing the clinical objectives. Due to specialization and powers of the supervisors, we, the juniors are afraid to point out the mistakes they makes. This is due to the fear of receiving a negative/unfavorable reports which could cause one their employment or a chance to continue or get training. Most of the time when a mistake is pointed out it may indicate lack of knowledge and no one would like to do that to the supervisor. Conclusion Hierarchy exists in all organizations no matter how much people, groups tries to fight it. It is important to have hierarchy although it also has its own negative consequences. For example in medical hierarchy it is evident it has its benefits and disadvantages to the trainees. There is little attention to the trainers nowadays. Reporting of errors and mistakes has reduced. This compromises the quality of patient care. References Blau, P.M. (2012). Exchange and power in social life. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books. Brief, C., (2009). Collective corruption in the corporate world: Toward a process model. In M.E. Turner (Ed.), Groups at work: Theory and research (pp. 471500). Carroll, G., Hannan, M.T. (2011). The demography of corporations and industries. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Eagly, A.H., Karau, S.J. (2011). Gender and the emergence of leaders: A meta-analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 60(5), pp.685710. Fisek, M.H., Ofshe, R. (2017). The process of status evolution. Sociometry, vol. 33(3), pp. 327346. Fisek, M.H., Ofshe, R. (2017). The process of status evolution. Sociometry. Ed. 33(3), pp.327346. Frenkel-Brunswik, E. (2013). Intolerance of ambiguity as an emotional perceptual personality variable. Journal of Personality, vol.18, pp.108143 Greer, L., Caruso, M,. (2017, August). Are high power teams really high performers? The roles of trust and status congruency in high power team performance. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Academy of Management, Philadelphia, PA. G Groysberg, B., Polzer, J.T., Elfenbein, H.A. (2017). Too many cooks spoil the broth: How high status individuals decrease group effectiveness. Manuscript submitted for publication. Morand, D.A. (2011). The processes and effects of programs of status-leveling in organizations. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Academy of Management, Washington, DC. N Schmid Mast, M. (2012). Dominance as expressed and inferred through speaking time: A meta-analysis. Human Communication Research, vol. 28, pp.420450. Schmid Mast, M., Hall, J.A. (2014). Who is the boss and who is not? Accuracy of judging status. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, vol. 28(3), pp. 145165. Stinchcombe, A., (2012). Creating efficient industrial administrations. New York: Academic Press. Stinchcombe, A., (2014). Stratification and organization: Selected papers. New York: Cambridge University Press. Tannenbaum, A., (2014). Hierarchy in organizations. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

Vietnam Is One Of The Most Famous Wars That America Has Taken Place In

Vietnam is one of the most famous wars that America has taken place in. It is also considered by some to be the most controversial. Many say that America did not belong in the fight and that it was a waste of money, man-power, and time. Others say that it was important to show that the U.S. will not stand by and let a country or territory be taken in the wrong way. Vietnam lasted from 1959 to 1975. It involved the North Vietnamese and the National Liberation Front or NLF. It also included the U.S. and the South Vietnamese forces. From about 1946 to 1945 the Vietnamese had struggled for independence from the French during the first Indochina War. When the war ended the country was split into two creating North and South Vietnam. North Vietnam soon came under the control of Vietnamese Communists who really hated France and were looking to unite Vietnam under Communist rule. South Vietnam was controlled by Vietnamese leaders who favored the French. The reason that the U.S. entered the Vietnam War was fear of the "Domino Effect". The Domino Effect is the term used to explain that if one country falls under Communist rule than soon after the countries in that area will soon fall also. If Vietnam became a Communist state than it was likely that more could fall also. This is also why the U.S. supported South Vietnam. The U.S. didn't send troops in until 1965. They were sent in to keep the South Vietnamese government from collapsing but in the long run they eventually failed. When Ngo Dinh Diem came into power he used very repressive measures. These measures led to growing organized opposition within South Vietnam. Another problem was that Diem's government represented a small minority of Vietnamese who were mostly businessmen, Roman Catholics, large landowners, and others who were pro-French. At first the United States helped South Vietnam military advisors and financial assistance. The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution was what eventually gave President Linden B. Johnson permission to escalate the war in Vietnam. President Johnson felt that he had to take a forceful stance on Vietnam so that other Communist countries wouldn't think that the United States "lacked resolve". Johnson also believed that the key to success was to frighten North Vietnam's leaders with the possibility of full-scale United States military intervention. In January of 1964 Johnson approved of top-secret, covert attacks against North Vietnam, including commando raids against bridges, railways, and coastal installations. After reports of North Vietnamese gunboats attacking United States NAVY war ships Johnson went on air to get approval from the public of an attack on Vietnam. Soon after Congress gave Johnson the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution which gave him war-making powers until such time as "peace and security" had returned to Vietnam. On March 8, 1965, 3500 U.S. Marine troops landed in da Nang. Soon after about 74,000 combat troops arrived. When some of the soldiers of the U.S. 9th Marine Regiment landed in da Nang in March 1965, their orders were to protect the U.S. air base, but the mission was quickly changed to include search-and-destroy patrols of the area around base. This corresponded in miniature to the larger strategy of General William Westmoreland. Westmoreland, who took over the Military Assistance Command in Vietnam (NACV) in 1964, wanted to establish a large American force and then unleash it in big sweeps. This strategy was called attrition- eliminating or wearing down the enemy by inflicting the highest death toll possible. There were 80,000 U.S troops in Vietnam by the end of 1965, by 1969 there would be 534,000. The North Vietnamese and the NLF had anticipated the U.S. escalation. With full-scale movement of U.S. troops onto South Vietnamese territory, the Communists claimed that the Saigon regime had become a puppet, not unlike the pro-French. Both the North Vietnamese and the NLF appealed to the nationalism of the Vietnamese to rise up and drive the U.S. forced out of Vietnam. The strategy against the United States was decided after alot of debate. Many argued that South Vietnam had to liberate themselves. Others argued that Vietnam was one nation and therefore dependent on all Vietnamese for it's dependence and reunification. After the United States